Resources on East Asian Law in the United States

the literature reveals no indication when the library of congress acquired its first documents translated into english. periodicals. some four hundred titles of traditional chinese legal material, many of law collections. these random collections received a major boost between 1960s and excellent and unique east asian law collections. notable examples include the in 1986, kristin fryklund became the first person hired by the harvard law school it is commonly believed that the harvard law school's collection of east asian law also has more than 5291 titles of western language materials concerning east asian law. online bilingual provider of china laws, regulations, pronouncements and butterworth asia as china law reports series.27 it has four interfaces: english, foundation, the japan-u.s. friendship commission, the japan foundation, the korea chan, a lawyer, became the first chief of this unit serving the legal research needs of the isinolaw ( ): libraries overseas or via exchange programs. prior to her arrival, in 2005, daniel wade, be one of the best outside japan. in 1930, mr. james hired shigemaru shimoyama (), a graduate of the harvard east asian materials. other legal information. it provides the full text of laws, regulations, judicial the expansion of international trade, a "renewed emphasis on the foreign law union bookstore. 100 years. in the early time, libraries relied on gifts, personal connections and mainland china (prc) "although legal material from the democratic people's republic of korea (north modern period.10 by 1945, the harvard law school library's collection of japanese business laws issued in the prc since 1979. it provides full, accurate and yale law school. her responsibilities include selecting and cataloging of cjk materials, previously been acquired, and with later additions, has resulted in a substantially are also about 500 titles in chinese, which are either unclassed or uncataloged. there resources, it is the major law libraries that are the primary repositories for east asian statutes of the republic of korea: east asian studies libraries in the united states. many east asian libraries have korean law to be found on the internet. for information on the most important eastern law section in 1954, which achieved divisional status in 1957. mr. choung and a collection of japanese manuscripts and early printed books that is considered to jeail east asian law in the u s 311 role in collecting materials on east asian law. electronic resources on east asian law, please consult with these excellent online collections in the united states. acquisition trips to collect east asian legal materials. foundations and prominent business regulations, and legal news. it is a chinese and english bilingual the contents of this site are in japanese. curator at columbia law school. she handles both japanese and korean materials, primarily a japanese law program in those days), japanese speaker, t. susanne lee congress and the harvard law school library taking the lead in a period of meiji university, as well as duplicate materials of the law faculty at meiji university. 7 e-mail from wendy zeldin to author (apr. 29, 2008) (on file with author). legal news, gazettes and academic law journals. this database currently is law, and one for korean law. cjk law serials are cataloged by three to four different william mccloy, the former assistant librarian for east asian law of the gallagher 4. obstacles and trends in east asian legal collections in the which are multi-volume compilations, date from the eighteenth and nineteenth 21 e-mail from yukino nakashima to author (apr. 15 &16, 2008) (on file with author). nakashima, curator for the japanese collection with the arthur w. diamond law library, columbia law cataloging & metadata services with mit libraries, deborah weiss, romance language cataloger and "in more recent years, the toshiba library12 received large private collections from 24 see mulhern, supra note 15. printed books. large shipments of book acquisitions arrived in 1936. the library given the complexity of legal information and language barriers, it is very difficult for a materials for the study of roc law and prc law. the site includes full-text exclusively with east asian materials. the library of congress established the far 2008 created the opportunity for mr. britt to assume more responsibility for collecting countries of origin."3 the early collections of foreign laws include historical laws and approximately 800 volumes of important case reporters, journals and statistical time east asian law specialists on staff. the law library of congress and the law effort to raise a substantial amount of money for the law school's acquisitions of books. materials, as well as providing reference services, and serving as liaison to the east url: http://www.clrsonline.com chicago, the c.v. starr east asian library at columbia university and the c.v. starr to work, part-time at first, then full-time soon after, in the library's comparative law kurt schwerin was librarian of northwestern university law library from 1964 to 1970. 1973. building on this collection, which was considered the finest private law collection legal materials was in the 1920s. as roscoe pound later wrote: "in 1927, dr. j. e. de llrx (http://www.llrx.com/comparative_and_foreign_law.html); grow significantly. this development complements traditionally strong historical this database, developed by dai-ichi hoki co., ltd., is also one of the graduate school of design, to work for the library. in 1935 the library sent staff (if not foundation. in addition, taiwanese, japanese and korean governments, courts, law collecting and owning materials to providing services and access inside and outside korean law books which are unclassed. in terms of volumes, the whole chinese, (more than 23,000 volumes) are japanese legal materials. the library has 3286 titles on judicial decisions from the supreme court, citations to master's and ph.d. collections had their beginnings in the 1930's with gifts of chinese and japanese legal materials reached 1,400 volumes. also in 1936, harvard law school library began to and regulations, an online english-chinese/chinese-english law dictionary, today, many major us law school libraries have set up special budgets or received 6 id. at 563. mr. shimoyama) to japan and bought a sizable collection of japanese manuscripts and korean language database. international law covering treaties, cases, and academic articles under the on prc law available on the internet. the database has both chinese and 4 for more information concerning the law library of congress's foreign rare book collection, see us law library of congress, rare book collection, available at http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ diamond law library at columbia law school. 11 toshiba library for japanese legal research, available at to 1925, whenever great libraries became available for purchase, the harvard law international relations, and so on. law libraries' missions have shifted from merely librarian to become a master of legal information from every jurisdiction of east asia. this database developed by peking university positivist study of law trends are changing, however. in an era of declining library budgets, there is an "haphazard growth." "in 1845 it was said, and professor greenleaf1 reported, that the united states and their influence on u.s. law.4 among this number, 5379 titles (10,189 volumes) are in chinese, 12,299 titles (33,164 25 see mccloy, supra note 16. hostage, authorities librarian with harvard law school library. i also want to thank grace wiersma, 16 william b. mccloy, correspondence to eric lee (sept. 29, 2008) (on file with author). than 23,824 titles in chinese, japanese or korean language, or on east asian law. 316 nongji zhang at the gallagher law library of university of washington, "the library's asian law the columbia law school began to collect chinese, japanese and korean language from the japanese-american society, just before world war ii.15 in the early 1960s, the vital in building up strong and unique collections. url: http://www.lawyee.net the most comprehensive, up-to-date, and user-friendly electronic resource program at the law school in 1962. to support the asian law program (which was of major east asian law collections may help us to gain perspective on this issue. library of congress (http://www.loc.gov/law/help/foreign.html); been slowly and cautiously adding online east asian resources to their collections. communication among these librarians is absolutely essential. other law libraries resources on east asian this database developed by lexisnexis japan co. is one of the largest online legal collections in the united states. the diverse, interdisciplinary research needs of faculty and students. today, as more evelyn ma is asian law reference librarian at the lillian goldman law library of url: https://www.d1-law.com associate librarian for foreign and international law, handled selection of cjk english language interfaces. it provides english versions of selected laws, involved in the development of legal education and the legal system in china. he american legal materials as his/her primary duty. this is the largest comprehensive online resource on korean law. this is a lexisnexis jp: this is the most comprehensive database of korean statutes in english. japanese language database. public. at present the legal specialist for japan also covers korea. there is no korean ones who employ specialists in east asian law bibliography and cataloging. although regulations and cases. and suggestions for this article. asian law in 1989, the library's chinese and korean legal materials increased greatly, receive chinese books purchased from soochow university law school and peking addition, there is a section on the wto and china. this site includes two japanese and korean collection exceeded 80,000 volumes by 1978.18 special features of materials. cases. as demands for east asian law teaching, research and practice have increased in in the early 1960s, t. susanne lee came to the gallagher law library at the congress. currently, the library has one cataloger for chinese law, two for japanese so far, existing studies on foreign law collections have discussed only european and 2. curent state and speical features (last visited on oct. 6, 2008). he participated in the enhancement of table t.2 of the bluebook: a uniform system of publishing house of law as the laws of the people's republic of china series, although some may be duplicates of classed titles. a rough account shows 4,000 titles of and 2,274 in korean.20 this collection features the nation's most comprehensive 320 nongji zhang of hostilities with other nations, intensified the law library's acquisition efforts over the increasing need to rely on inter- and intra-institutional resource sharing to provide for 322 nongji zhang 27 wei luo, internet chinese legal research center, available at http://law.wustl.edu/chinalaw/intersou.html legal materials in the early 1980s. "in 1982, the arthur w. diamond law library at cataloging, acquisitions, and reference service for japanese materials. the library also dissertations from taiwan, and citations to legal articles from the mainland. 19 us law library of congress, supra note 3, at 150. at yale law school. the library's cjk language materials are mainly donated by 13 see supra note 11. are a sizable number of unclassed japanese legal titles, estimated at over 25,000 titles, lawdata (): this collection include extensive sets of official gazettes from china and japan, a rich reference help or on a staff member who knows the language but deals with anglo- university of washington. she was responsible for the extensive development of the has extensive knowledge of chinese, japanese and korean legal materials. among his 14 marian gould gallagher law library, east asian law department history, available at online resources used in the united states. library a large collection of important japanese law books which, added to what had health law, social and medical insurance, labor disputes, environmental protection, united states. with the increasing demand for electronic access to research materials in the development of foreign law collections in the united states has been divided into laws and regulations are available, it is very difficult to find english translations of jeail east asian law in the u s 317 url: http://www.isinolaw.com collections in the united states. the record shows that there are 16,002 classified titles organized the cataloging of the japanese collection, she also assisted in the continued in japan, the diamond law library began the development of a comprehensive 318 nongji zhang china law reference service online (clrs online) ( ) 10 james kanda, the japanese archives of harvard law school library 1 (dec. 1975) (unpublished japanese law collection in 1984."11 since 1983, columbia law school has also collected complete collection."9 law library of university of washington, provides a rare example of such mastery. he more students are writing papers in the areas of business law, the application of law, http://lib.law.washington.edu/eald/eald.html, (last visited on oct. 5, 2008). jeail east asian law in the u s 313 schools, as well as alumni groups have donated substantial gifts of books, which are widely recognized and appreciated. largest online resources on japanese law. the contents of the database united states major databases: 1) english translation of chinese laws published by the republic of china (p.r. china or prc) law; 2,500 titles on the republic of china provided below are descriptions of selected comprehensive and subscription-based the yijun institute's website is going to offer online digital archives of congress 2005). there are many good, free and easy-to-find electronic resources on chinese, japanese or oct. 5, 2008. hires temporary staff to assist with chinese and korean cataloging from time to time. received 58 japanese titles on march 7, 65 titles on march 21, 100 titles on apr.4 and 150 special sections on intellectual property, tax and accounting laws. this is a school; evelyn ma, reference librarian with the lillian goldman law library, yale law school; and john harvard law school, "out of a total of 171,629 volumes in the library, 47,442 were in url: http://legal.lexisnexis.jp 9 roscoe pound, the harvard law library, 5 harv. libr. bull. 298 (1951). 6. online resources on east asian law in the united states26 schools. he served as advisor to the chinese ministry of justice from 1946 to 1948. in professionals and experienced entrepreneurs. it is the world's first certified as for legal research, it is still difficult to find statistical data, local laws and specialists to develop the respective collections, but most of their day-to-day work more publications are available in areas related to law or across disciplines on topics systematically collect east asian legal materials. in 1997, i succeeded mr. harrison as most complete outside korea or japan."19 scholars and individuals also played important roles in the development of east asian nongji zhang* lawnb (law and business): 20 hollis report provided by john hostage (apr. 15, 2008) (on file with author). (takika yamada lee or "susie" lee) was hired to develop the japanese as well as other likely contributed to the early development of the chinese law collection at harvard taiwan (roc) that no other law library in england or on the continent was its equal in scope."2 at asian legal studies have contributed to the changes in east asian law collections in the core of historic japanese legal materials, and a very extensive collection of japanese legal a former supreme court justice, itsuo sonobe, and from professor koichi kikuta of as well as providing reference assistance and serving as liaison to the china law center jeail east asian law in the u s 321 manuscript, on file with harvard law school library). 23 see zeldin, supra note 7. library's japanese law collection to expand and provided for the hiring of a full-time chinese, japanese and korean (cjk) law books, "apparently some japanese laws had the library of congress, "the need for foreign legal research sources, especially in times korea) is scarce and very difficult to obtain, the law library's collection is one of the database. library, for their editing work for this article. i am very indebted to william mccloy's insightful remarks 1944 was later credited with starting the library's systematic collecting of chinese, three stages. the first stage started in the nineteenth century with the library of louis, also have substantial materials on east asian law. holding east asian law materials usually rely on their foreign law bibliographers for name . law in the united states the contents of this site are in chinese. articles in legal journals, monograph bibliographies, commonly used laws url: http://www.yijuninstitute.org d1-law: the development of east asian law collections in the united states has spanned over asian and foreign law collections.16 with the hiring of the assistant librarian for east bread upon the waters, available at http://aallnet.org/products/pub_llj_v98n02/2006-20.pdf (last visited on the largest data bank of legal cases on prc law available on the internet. and the practice of law. empirical studies and sociological studies of law are in fashion. while chinese materials are selected and cataloged by other staff members. "systematic growth" of foreign law collections began to meet an increasing demand for contributions from their asian law programs for the development of east asian law collections as well as ever-growing collections of contemporary, law-related materials in library of congress received funding through the chinese emergency aid program of the fields of roman and foreign law (the british empire not included)."5 government policies, as well as cases. although more and more english translations of corporation in tokyo. since then, yukino nakashima has been the japanese law bridget reischer, bibliographer for western european and international law with harvard law school * bibliographer for east asian law at harvard law school library. i am very grateful to the following there are only a few law libraries in the united states fortunate enough to have full- china law info (): library walls. the department of state for seven asian lawyers who then published works on the law professional law librarians were hired to systematically collect and organize these justice."14 dr. arthur beardsley, the head law librarian of the law library from 1922 to to a range of chinese legal materials, including laws and regulations, cases, detailed translations of many of the prc's major or significant laws, harvard law school library's collection on east asian law exceeds 38,800 titles (taiwan or r.o. china) law; 14,800 titles on japanese law; and 2,500 titles on korean interpretations, standard contract forms, analysis, and court judgments. in law collections. the question still remains as to when libraries in the united states materials, including a substantial donation of books by the japanese ministry of korea http://www.law.columbia.edu/library/collections/toshiba (last visited on feb. 8, 2008). as 1900. the earliest date found in the literature concerning acquisitions of east asian this database developed by peking university law school provides access east asian library at the university of california, berkeley. in fact, in some universities, japanese, and korean materials following the gift of a modern japanese law collection institute provides the full text of laws, regulations, judicial interpretations, permanent position of japanese law curator with an endowment from the toshiba 26 the analyses are based on my observations at the end of may 2008. any developments after that date are not that collection for around the first 25 years of its existence.25 in 1987, rob britt was hired columbia law school received a private law collection donated by the family of the late library holds over 4,942 titles (7695 volumes) in western languages concerning east 8 us law library of congress, supra note 3, at 22-23. research analyst with directorate of legal research, the library of congress; rob britt, japanese legal and another 23 volumes from the chosun dynasty (1392-1910) are also included. collections" took place.6 by 1962, the library of congress, harvard, michigan, asian legal studies program. in 1999, mariko honshuku was hired to assist with school acquired them. in 1916, when roscoe pound became dean (1916-1936) of centuries; rare korean legal materials, including the six-volume title kyongguk taejon, eldon r. james, librarian of harvard law school from 1923 to 1942, made a major 314 nongji zhang this hong kong-based website was founded by a group of chinese legal knowledge of legal institutions of foreign countries. particularly during the years 1900 first bibliographer for east asian law. this was the new beginning for the library to u.s. law schools and limited budgets for east asian law materials, law libraries have harvard-yenching library and fung library at harvard, the east asian library and the collections. they continue to benefit from the support of foundations such as the ford becker, the translator of the japanese codes and authority on japanese law, gave the and 2) english translation of selected chinese cases published by url: http://elaw.klri.re.kr/indexe.jsp school library accessions list found that gift materials from east asia arrived as early law and manager of the east asian law department. the retirement of mr. mccloy in gest collection at princeton university, the east asian collection at the university of responsibilities involve every aspect of selection, acquisition, and cataloging of cjk wto rules and documents, legal articles, and legal statistics. it is currently 312 nongji zhang 3. the personnel and their reponsibilites volumes) are in japanese, and 1,204 titles (2,731 volumes) are in korean. in addition, the for china (including 3,646 titles for taiwan), 9,229 for japan, and 2,833 for korea. there extensively to the development of harvard law school, including expansion of the harvard law school accomplishments, he was president of the council on east asian libraries (2000-2003). regulations, cases and commentaries, as well as articles and legal forms. 3 law library of congress (us.), library of congress law library: an illustrated guide 12 (library of 2 kurt schwerin, law libraries and foreign law collections in the u.s.a, 11 intl & comp. l.q. 560 (1960). resources concerning japanese law. it provides the full text of laws and 15 pegeen mulhern: marian gould gallagher's imprint on law librarianship--the advantage of casting jeail east asian law in the u s 315 law. the library has more than 17,800 titles in chinese language, 13,717 in japanese, libraries at harvard, yale, columbia and the university of washington are the only url: www.chinalawinfo.com latin american materials. few studies have explored the development of east asian japan 22 see rob britt, supra note 17. university, the university of california at berkeley, and washington university in st. with the support of nagashima, ohno & tsunematsu, the library acquired law expert for research, selection and reference. 23 treatises from france, spain, russia, great britain, and other commonwealth countries. the arthur w. diamond law library at columbia law school has more than 27,811 1. history in 1991, the arthur w. diamond law library at columbia law school created a the cases are searchable by keyword, case number, court name, and judge's url: http://www.lawdata.com.tw library to handle east asian materials. she worked as the east asian language covered here. the bar of new york, tulane and chicago became the top 10 owners of foreign law (volume count not available). this number includes 19,000 titles on the people's cataloger. a year later, scott edward harrison succeeded ms. frykland to become the titles dealing with chinese, japanese and korean law. among this number, 18,338 titles lawyee (): and more law school libraries realize the importance of collecting east asian legal url: http://www.lawnb.com resources outside japan. library s the east asian library, rather than the law library, has traditionally taken the leading resource (including legal newspapers and electronic resources) on modern chinese law, catalogers in the serial record division. the library has chinese and japanese law recent developments in information technology, the publishing industry, and east concerning all of chinese, japanese and korean law, the cooperation and 12 the toshiba library for japanese legal research refers to the collection of japanese law in the arthur w. this database developed by yuanzhao legal press provides research yijun institute of international law(): bibliographer for east asian law at harvard law school library. my job chinese and korean materials on law. this database, hosted by cch asia pte limited, is an extensive source of united states. other law schools, including those at the university of michigan, yale such as mergers and acquisitions, securities, world trade organizations, human rights, library's japanese and other asian and foreign law collections. "she not only justice jiro tanaka, who served as a supreme court justice of japan between 1964 and marian gould gallagher law library (http://lib.law.washington.edu/eald/eald.html); these professionals may handle one or more languages, their specialties are generally in years to such an extent that certain collections in the law library exceed those of the 1980s when east asian legal study programs emerged in major law schools. and most extensive asian law programs, the east asian legal studies program at 5 schwerin, supra note 2, at 561. traveled to china a number of times during the 1930s and 1940s to teach in chinese law a particular jurisdiction of east asia. to provide comprehensive reference service materials. 18 see zeldin, supra note 7. citation (18th ed. 2005). his contributions to east asian and law librarianship are the library of congress law library, harvard law school, columbia law school, 6. conclusion japanese law scholar, professor dan fenno henderson who started the asian law the laws of great britain are the most extensive because of their significance in the there is no doubt that the library of congress owns the largest of all east asian law jeail east asian law in the u s 319 name. this is chiefly a chinese language database with a small number of harvard law school. the china connections of dean pound and professor cohen have research guides at the websites of: while support of the japanese collection continued.17 had used oclc's off-site chinese acquisitions-cataloging service. department. in 1989 bill mccloy became the first assistant librarian for east asian materials."13 dean pound had the vision and interest to collect foreign law materials. he was also asian law.22 the strength of this collection is contemporary japanese legal research 1965, professor jerome cohen, a china law expert, founded one of the nation's oldest recent years, u.s. law schools and law libraries have seen their east asian law resources include the full text of laws and regulations, cases, and articles, as well as united states as the leading world power, the growth of international organizations and law school. the second stage began around the turn of the 20th century. during this period, the law school received a grant from the ford foundation. this grant allowed the simplified chinese, traditional chinese, and japanese. chinese law and in chinese; and 896 titles on korean law and in korean.21 the library materials with the assistance of the east asian library. during this period, the library growth of the asian law collection."24 she had a long tenure at the library and built globalex (http://lib.law.washington.edu/eald/eald.html). harvard law library surpassed every other law library in the united states, and also began to collect east asian law materials. an examination of the developmental paths and the university of washington hold the largest east asian law collections in the titles on july 30. these materials dated from as early as the twelfth century up to the 17 e-mail from rob britt to author (apr.15, 2008) (on file with author). demand for materials with interdisciplinary approaches to legal research is increasing. the marian gould gallagher law library at the university of washington has more been obtained as of circa 1930."7 one related event was that in the late 1940s, the law materials began at the turn of 20th century. a random survey of the harvard law 1 simon greenleaf (1783-1853) was harvard law school professor from 1833 to 1840s. he contributed as mentioned earlier, us law libraries have been collecting east asian legal materials since 1900, but not until much later were professional librarians hired to work the third stage started after the two world wars. due to the emergence of the individuals for providing information and research materials for this article: wendy zeldin, senior legal this collection currently is one of the largest and most comprehensive japanese law awhhtml/awlaw3/rare_book.html (last visited on oct. 6, 2008). materials specialist with the marian gould gallagher law library, university of washington; yukino columbia, yale, the los angeles county law library, northwestern, the association of centers on providing research and reference services to the congress and the general of various far eastern countries between 1950 and 1955.8